We are beginning a new run with several improvements to the ARA VPol loop to try to evolve antennas that are optimally matched just by their geometry. To do this, we are evolving with the RealizedGain instead of just Gain in the Xmacros (thus taking into account impedance mismatch). We also have the speed up that parallelizes the AraSim jobs on each run. Attached is the run_details.txt file, but the GA parameters are subject to change. Here is what they are to begin:

We have a population size of 50 individuals per generation.

Selection operators (NUMBER selected by each):

• Roulette: 10
• Tournamente: 10
• Rank: 30

Genetic Operators (NUMBER generated by each):

• Reproduction: 6
• Crossover: 36
• Immigration: 8
• Mutation: 2
  • Sigma: 5%

I went through the current PUEO Loop  and documented everything that still needs to be accomplished before we can run.

Everything is compiled in this Google Doc which I will paste the current version of below.

Current Loop Overview:

Part A:

Runs GA, need to implement most recent GA (easy)

Part B:

B1:

Enters PUEO freq into simulation_PEC.xmacro then cats in PUEO simulationPECmacroskeletons.

Will  need to update simulationPECmacroskeletons with XF script to simulate the Hpol and Vpol sides of the antenna separately.

The bash portion should be working.

B2:

Currently almost the same as the ARA version. Creates the output.xmacro and moves the uan files. Will most likely need to change to get files in PUEO/icemc format, ready for input into the conversion script.

Part C:

Runs conversion script XFintoPUEO.py

The Bash portion is complete. We will need simple modifications to XFintoPUEO.py depending on XF outputs.

Part D:

D1:

Changes setup file, runs IceMCCall_Array.sh batch job

Need make this batch job to change IceMC / PUEO to read in the correct files 

(vv_0_{gen}_{i}, hh_0_{gen}_{i}) for the antenna i in generation gen.

I’ve commented where this should go. The rest of the job should be complete

The debug mode for D1 might not work, but it shouldn’t be necessary to run. 

So, the bash portion should be able to run.

D2:

Currently confirms runs by looking at the number of files in the AraSimConfirmed directory and looks for specific AraSim errors. 

This line will need to be changed to count the output files for icemc/pueo.

Change the error detection to just resubmit the job or something similar as we aren’t yet familiar with icemc errors during runtime. 

Part E:

Runs the PUEO fitness function. Unfortunately, icemc doesn’t output error bars, so we will have to remake any plots reliant on that. Veffective is also the same as fitness score.

Currently it should be working with the basic needed plots for gain patterns and veffective scores. But, we should add some more cool, automatic plots. 

Part F:

The plotting software seems to be specific to ARA output, needs PUEO versions.

ASYM LOOP:

Should be working with PUEO as a switch

IMPORTANT ISSUES:

Find out how to simulate polarization in XF:

Modify the current XF model, can be found in PAS1960/dylanwells1629/testproject.xf

The current model has all 4 sides of the antenna connected. However, the actual antenna is basically 2 antennas, one hpol and one vpol, electrically disconnected from each other. So, adjacent parts shouldn’t be electrically connected like they currently are in the model. We might have to simulate the two models independently. The goal for this portion is to figure out how to split up the antenna in the xmacro, and how to either simulate hpol and vpol separately or how to get xf to output hpol and vpol gain patterns.

XF Cross - Polarization, constraints --Alex

Make IceMC / PUEO read in out input gain patterns 

Will need to modify Batch_Jobs/IceMCCallArray.sh to change icemc to read in the current gain files before running. You can find the conversion script in Antenna_Performance_Metric/XFintoPUEO.py and the batch job will be run in Loop_Parts/Part_D 

We need to change icemc / pueo to read in the correct gain files before running it.

This will involve changing the anitaBuildTool/components/icemc/anita.cc ReadGains function starting on line 1413 to read in vv_0_{gen}_{num}, hh_0_{gen}_{num} , etc. (Do this with PueoSim) -- Dylan

I’m not sure if you will need to recompile these functions before running the icemc executable again, so find that out too. (enter pueoBuolder/ just run make) --Dylan

Make PUEO plotting software

All of the current plotting software is found within Part_E and Part_F. Sadly, icemc does not output errors for the veffectives (at least not that I could find, maybe you can find it), so much of the Ara plotting software will not work with PUEO outputs. The fitness scores csv will be the same format as ARA’s, and veffectives will be the same as fitness scores for PUEO. Figure out how to change the existing ARA python plotting scripts or make new ones.  --Bryan

Find out how to run PEUOsim and document outputs

Currently the loop is working with icemc, but we want to use PUEOsim for the future. So, document installing it, running it, and the outputs. (inputs are the same as icemc) -- Dylan 

We are currently running the loop using the improved parameters. The parameters are as follows:

50 individuals
80/20 Roulette/Tournament
6% Reproduction, 72% Crossover, 22% Mutation

Also note that individual 5 of generation 1 had its fitness score altered because one of its AraSim jobs didn't finish in time (and we would have had to wait 5 hours for it to rerun). To remedy this, I replaced the effective volume for the job with the average of the effective volumes from the other jobs for individual 5 (essentially meaning that it ran with 270k neutrinos instead of 300k). There is a .txt file in the directory titled Run_Notes.txt containing this message (and which will contain additional messages on similar things should they arise).

Run directory: /fs/project/PAS0654/BiconeEvolutionOSC/BiconeEvolution/current_antenna_evo_build/XF_Loop/Evolutionary_Loop/Run_Outputs/Improved_Parameter_Run_2021_03_09

The first part of designing the matching crictuit was choosing a frequency range to match over. We chose 100 MHz to 1000 MHz.

The geometric mean of this range in 316.227 MHz, which is the ideal frequeny to match to.

Then, we need the impedance of the antenna we are matching to.

The data for the best antenna is found in 

/fs/project/PAS0654/BiconeEvolutionOSC/BiconeEvolution/current_antenna_evo_build/XF_Loop/Evolutionary_Loop/Run_Outputs/AraSim_Polarity_Fix_2021_03_19/AraSim_Polarity_Fix_2021_03_19.xf/Simulations/001108/Run0001/output/SteadyStateOutput

The files begin at 83.33 MHz and increment by 16.66 MHz, so file 14 (316.57 MHz) is the best choice for matching.

This antenna has Impedance Z = 229.839 -i151.515 ohms

From here, we need to decide a design architecture for the matching circuit. Since the real component of the impedance is greater than the source's (50 ohms, the standard for electrical sources), a natural design is a lowpass downward circuit. 

Next, we decide on a number of L networks to cascade in the circuit design, or how many 'rungs' in the ladder.

The purpose of these rungs is to artificially lower the ratio between the source impedance and the load impedance, as the closer these values, the broader the range of frequencies we can match.

The formula to calculate this is 

N = ln(Rl/Rs)/ln(1+Q^2)

where 

Q = ((Rl/Rs)-1)^½

Rs = real source impedance

Rl = real load impedance

For the given values, N is 14.

From here, we have all the information to find the capacitances and impedances for each L network in the ladder circuit.

The proccess of calciulating these values starts with finding the desired ratio between the impedances. 

ratio = Q^2+1

Which we can use to create a list of 13 impedances between the source and load (corresponding to 14 rungs), each Q^2+1 times larger than the last. Then we can use the formula for a single lowpass downward match between the impedances of each rung. 

All of this process is described in /users/PAS1960/dylanwells1629/improved_match_maker.py

The key functions PCSL, calcN, and broadbandMatchLP

Variables of Evolved Antennas

Wall variables:
S -- length of bottom of the walls
m -- slope of the walls (currently set to 1)
H -- height of walls
x0, y0, z0 -- 3D coordinates of the bottom of the ridge
xf, yf, zf -- 3D coordinates of the top of the ridge
Beta -- curvature of the ridge

Antenna Walls

S is half the side length of the bottom wall
m is the slope of the outer wall
H is the max height of the outer wall

Current Constraints:

S < 50cm
H < 50cm
m = 1

Antenna Ridges

x_0, y_0, z_0 are the innitial points of the inner most part of the ridge
x_f, y_f, z_f are the final points of the inner most part of the ridge
tau is the parametric time range beta is the slope of the curve of the ridge

Current Constraints:

tau = 0.26
x_f = S
0 < x_0 <= x_f
0 < y_0 <= x_0
0 < y_f < z_f
z_0 = 0
0 < z_f <= H
(4/30) * z_f < beta < 7 * z_f (for z_f in meters, designs will 'compile' in xfdtd above this upper limit, but the curve is functionally a line for all values greater)

Comparing Inputs:

Frequency Lists:

Ara - 83.33MHz - 1066.70 MHz, step = 13.33MHz

IceMC - 200MHz - 1500MHz, step = 10MHz

Number of files read in:

Ara - 1

IceMC - 8

Formating of files:

Ara - Theta, Phi, Gain (dB, thetra), Gain (theta), Phase (theta) 

IceMc - Frequency, Gain (dB)  (Different files cover different thetas and phis)

File Type:

Ara - .txt

IceMC - no suffix (file with 2 columns of text)

Other notes for IceMC inputs:

IceMC reads in 8 different files for gain.

vv_0  hh_0  vh_0  hv_0  vv_el  vv_az  hh_el  hh_az

Found in ../anitaBuiltTool/components/icemc/data

vv_0 = gains for vertical polarization

hh_0 = gains for horizontal polarization

vh_0 = gains for v → h cross polarization

hv_0 = gains for h → v cross polarization

vv_el = v polarization, e angle

vv_az = v polarization, a angle

hh_el = h polarization, e angle

hh_az = h polarization a angle

for e angle and a angle  in 

       0. 0

1. 5

2. 10

3. 20

4. 30

5. 45

6. 90

(iterates 1 to 6)

Comparing Outputs:

IceMC - veff is in second column in veff+runName+.txt file (in the outputDirectory directory)

Ara - veff is at the bottom of the AraOut.txt file

1. Fix the functions for the SLPC, SCPL, and PLSC L networks (change the paramaters to match with the format of our data)

2. Write the PCSL function

3. Create a function to find the number of L networks necessary (N) given a source and load resistance as well as a frequency range.

4. Write a function to broadband match two impedances given a source, load, central frequency, and N. (return a list of capacitances and inductances for the L networks)

We are almost to where we can start the physical building of the antenna! 

I've attached all the information I currently have regarding the building project. Some of it is messy work notes and some is well-structured.

I’ve attached the following files for the GENETIS building project:

• Building Dump.txt 
  • My working notes that I used while trying to simulate the antenna in XFdtd (very messy) 
• Building Dump of Useful Materials.txt
  • List of materials that I found regarding the building project like slides, elogs, etc.
• Simulating Building Model.txt
  • A writeup I made describing my process for simulating the antenna in XFdtd 
• Done with change materials.zip
  • Solidworks model of antenna

I also made a slide deck that contains the directory locations + has graphs HERE.

Physics plots were created for 300K events from the higher statistic simulation results for the 9_50, 13_84, 18_89, 19_96, and 29_87 antennae. 

The simulation was inaccurate because a discrepancy exists between the higher simulation physics plots and the physics plots created for the 300K event results currently in the GENETIS Loop. This can be seen in the attached pdf file. 

The simulation may have been inaccurate due to incorrect gain files. 

The higher statistic simulations must be rerun for the 9_50, 13_84, 18_89, 19_96, and 29_87 antennae.

Attached are images of the matching circuit schematic and PCB design. A parts list is also attached in .pdf and .csv format. The .csv format can be imported into Digikey if necessary.  

Table of component values:

I've completed laying out the PCB for the 14-rung matching circuit. Attached are png files of two PCB designs. One uses LPS5050 inductors while the other uses LPS6235 inductors. The dimensions shown are in millimeters. 

Attached are the XF files for the top 5 individuals from the 2022_12_29 crazy sides run. In order from best to 5th best: 

1: Gen 29 Indiv 87

2: Gen 19 Indiv 96

3: Gen 13 Indiv 84

4: Gen 9 Indiv 50

5: Gen 18 Indiv 89

These can also be found in /fs/ess/PAS1960/BiconeEvolutionOSC/BiconeEvolution/current_antenna_evo_build/XF_Loop/Evolutionary_Loop/Run_Outputs/2022_12_29/2022_12_29.xf in the corresponding directories. 

Hi all, 

The working copy of the user manual can be found here: https://www.overleaf.com/6955763886pjtkckprxsyp

It still need to be tested by someone new to see if edits need to be made. I have uploaded the copy that is finalized as of this day. Note if you click on the overleaf version that may be more up-to-date. This copy is added as a PDF so we can keep track of versions.